Flash Thermoflash Digi 2

Learn how to install a programmable thermostat at to save money and energy today - talk to us on. Thermoflash Digi 2 RF. Wireless clock thermostat Weekly cycle. The RF Digi 2 has been designed to offer you comfort and energy savings. It will be easily installed in your home and will control the ambient temperature according to the pro-gram. It will control through radio waves the RF receiver.

Macroalgae (seaweeds) are a promising feedstock for the production of third generation bioethanol, since they have high carbohydrate contents, contain little or no lignin and are available in abundance. However, seaweeds typically contain a more diverse array of monomeric sugars than are commonly present in feedstocks derived from lignocellulosic material which are currently used for bioethanol production. Hence, identification of a suitable fermentative microorganism that can utilise the principal sugars released from the hydrolysis of macroalgae remains a major objective. The present study used a phenotypic microarray technique to screen 24 different yeast strains for their ability to metabolise individual monosaccharides commonly found in seaweeds, as well as hydrolysates following an acid pre-treatment of five native UK seaweed species ( Laminaria digitata, Fucus serratus, Chondrus crispus, Palmaria palmata and Ulva lactuca). Five strains of yeast (three Saccharomyces spp, one Pichia sp and one Candida sp) were selected and subsequently evaluated for bioethanol production during fermentation of the hydrolysates.

Four out of the five selected strains converted these monomeric sugars into bioethanol, with the highest ethanol yield (13 g L −1) resulting from a fermentation using C. Crispus hydrolysate with Saccharomyces cerevisiae YPS128.

This study demonstrated the novel application of a phenotypic microarray technique to screen for yeast capable of metabolising sugars present in seaweed hydrolysates; however, metabolic activity did not always imply fermentative production of ethanol. Introduction The European Commission has stated that European countries rely too heavily on imports of gas and fuel and energy sources need to be more diverse (). The consumption of fossil fuels and effects of global warming are causing constraints on our planet, and the search to find alternative, sustainable and cleaner burning sources of energy has become an extensive area of research (Jeong et al. Bioethanol derived from sugar-based biomass in a fermentation process is a potential way of generating energy-rich transportation fuels (Karakashev et al. First generation feedstock materials such as corn and sugarcane have already been widely exploited (Bothast and Schlicher ), and the current commercial production of bioethanol, mainly in the USA and Brazil, is based around the use of terrestrial plants such as maize or sugar cane.

Controversy, however, has arisen over the utilisation of such substrates which are essential food sources, and attention has been diverted to lignocellulosic biomass (2nd generation biomass) which comprises mainly of agricultural waste products (Lu et al. However, the production of fuel from second generation crops has proven to be problematic with energy and chemical inputs required to breakdown the recalcitrant lignocellulosic complex highlighted as a significant technical challenge to the use of such biomass for ethanol production (Taherzadeh and Karimi ). The release of fermentable sugars from lignocellulosic materials usually therefore requires a physico-chemical pre-treatment to breakdown the native plant structures and enable cellulose degrading enzymes to have access to their substrates. Such pre-treatments have been found to generate a range of inhibitory compounds (e.g. Furans, phenolic compounds or organic acids) which can impact on the viability of yeast in a subsequent fermentation processes (Singh et al.; Mukherjee et al. Macroalgae (seaweeds) have gained much attention in recent years as promising bioethanol feedstocks due to their fast growth rate and large biomass yields, seaweeds offer certain advantages over terrestrial crops which have previously been considered as favourable feedstocks for bioethanol production (Adams et al. Several species of seaweed are known to be rich in carbohydrates, and they contain little to no lignin (Yanagisawa et al.